Inheritance of the trait “number of kernels in the spike” at the spring soft wheat depend on the conditions of environmental ecological points of the “Ecada” program

The number of grains in the spike one of the most important components of yield. In numerous studies of the results of the breeding improvement of wheat, the high importance of the contribution to the process of the lachrymation of the spike and spikelet has been established. In this regard, targeted selection for this feature can be an effective method of accelerating selection for high yields. The scientific rationale for this process includes the search, study, selection of source material, determination of inheritance and development of a selection strategy. The long-term functioning of the cooperative program for the selection of spring soft wheat “Ekada” made it possible to select genotypes with high and stable yields. Seven cultivars (Arhat, Omskaya 36, Ekada 113, Ekada 148, Estivum 1079, Estivum 1311ae72, Ekada 204), including those created in the “Ekada program”, were included in the program for studying the inheritance of the elements of yield. The study was carried out according to the method of B.I.Hayman with the use of a semi-dialect scheme and study in 4 points: Kazan, Bezenchuk, Penza, Ulyanovsk. As a result, it was established: 1) in Ulyanovsk, all genetic parameters were unreliable, which complicates the selection work at this point; 2) in Kazan only additive effects were significant, which creates favorable conditions for selection; 3) in Bezenchuk, additive effects and one dominance parameter were significant; 4) in Penza all genetic parameters were reliable; 5) changes in the configuration of regression graphs Wr on Vr, change of the dominant status of cultivars and redefinition of the genetic formula of the trait are noted. In connection with this, it has been proposed to conduct selections for the number of grains in the spike in the older generations (F4-F5). To clarify the understanding of the dependence of genetic parameters on the limiting factors of the environment formed by environmental points, it is necessary to continue studying the trait in various environments.