Scientific schools and their role in the development of Russian science in the XX century (on the example of the activities of scientists of the Scientific Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry named after L.Y. Karpov)

The development of fundamental sciences at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries contributed to the formation of scientific centers and scientific schools. The author characterizes the main directions of the formation and development of physical chemistry using the example of the creation and development of scientific schools on the basis of the Scientific Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry named after L.Ya. Karpov, the country’s leading scientific center for theoretical and applied research in the field of physical chemistry in the 1920s - 1970s. On the base of documents from the Russian State Archive in Samara, the author reveals the main scientific achievements of laboratory teams led by academicians A.N. Frumkin, V.A. Kargin, S.S. Medvedev and I.V. Petryanov-Sokolov: scientific schools that laid the theoretical foundations for the development of chemistry in the subsequent period and made a huge contribution to the development of physical and chemical science not only in our country, but also in other countries.