Some aspects of introduction into in vitro culture of black currant varieties (Ribes nigrum L.) of the Russian research institute of fruit crop breeding

Currently, the method of clonal plant propagation in vitro is widely used in the system of accelerated production of healthy planting material of fruit and berry crops. To obtain virus-free material, one of the models of clonal microproduction - induction of meristem development from the buds is often used. The success of the stage of culture in vitro initiation is largely determined by the completeness of the release of plant material from the sources of infection of meristems and nutrient medium. This article presents the results of studies on the introduction of black currant in the culture in vitro , as well as the effectiveness of the use of various sterilizing agents (0.1% solution of sulema, 0.1% solution of mertiolate). Varieties of black current of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding: Azhurnaya, Orlovskaya serenada, Ocharovanie, Chudnoe mgnovenie are promising objects of the research. Introduction to culture in vitro was carried out in spring (March), summer (June) and autumn (early September) dates of introduction. The source material in the spring and autumn period was presented with the isolated buds from annual lignified shoots. During summer period, the main sources of explants were growing green shoots buds. The cultivation was carried out on a modified environment Murashige-Skuga with the addition of 6-BAP at a concentration of 0.5 mg / l. It was noted that the survival rate of explants is influenced by varietal characteristics, the period of introduction into culture, the origin of the explant and the type of sterilizing agent. The yield of viable explants was higher when using 0.1% sulema solution, but this figure differed depending on the period of administration and genotypic characteristics of varieties. In the variant using 0.1% mertiolate solution, there is a difference between the survival rate of explants from the apical and lateral buds: the survival rate of the first is higher (56-66%) than the second (28-52%). When sterilized with 0.1% sulema solution, the differences in survival rates between explants of different origin are less pronounced.