Some problems of the history of early Izborsk fortifications

The article considers the remains of defensive structures at the Izborsk (Truvor) fortified site investigated in 1971-1992 by the expedition headed by V. V. Sedov. Principal attention is paid to the 11 th-century wooden paling in the citadel, and also the reconstruction of the stone outer fortification line constructed in the same period. The author draws the chronicle data concerning the Izborsk region in the 11 th - early 12 th cc., mostly the military expeditions of the Novgorod princes against the Chud' tribes. These data give grounds to suppose that construction of the citadel in the early 11 th century was related to transformation of Izborsk into an outpost on the Novgorod land western frontier under Grand Prince Yaroslav the Wise. Ключевые слова: Изборск, Труворово городище, фортификации, детинец, деревянный частокол, каменная стена, вал, ров, чудь, эсты, новгородские князья, Ярослав Мудрый.