The Nosological Structure of Eye Diseases in Pregnant Women

Introduction. The relevance of this study is due to the increasing incidence of ophthalmological pathologies in pregnant women, which impact pregnancy and delivery management. Early diagnosis of such conditions allows for the adjustment of obstetric strategies, reducing risks for both mother and fetus. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics and pattern of ophthalmological diseases in pregnant women from 2021 to 2024. Materials and Methods. The study is based on an analysis of 7,265 medical records of pregnant women observed at the Perinatal Center of the Mordovia Republican Clinical Hospital. Each patient underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including visometry, refractometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and external examination of the ocular structures. Statistical data processing was performed in Microsoft Excel 2010, with the probability criterion calculated at a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results. The proportion of pregnant women with ophthalmological pathologies in 2021–2024 ranged from 71.6 to 80.9 %. The most common conditions were myopia and retinal angiopathies. A steady increase in the detection of myopia was noted, while the number of angiopathies remained relatively stable (400–500 cases annually). Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained results highlight the need for systematic ophthalmological monitoring of pregnant women, especially in those with high myopia and angiopathies indicating a risk of preeclampsia. Regular examinations can reduce the risk of perinatal complications. The study results will be useful for obstetricians/gynecologists and ophthalmologists in the care of pregnant patients.