Numerical simulation research on cavitation flow of different fuels in diesel engine injectors

With the increasingly stringent requirements of diesel engine fuel consumption and pollutant emission, higher requirements are put forward for the performance of diesel engine fuel injection systems. Cavitation flow in diesel fuel injectors is an extremely important factor affecting spray characteristics. In this study, the occurrence of cavitation in the fuel injector nozzle and its impact on mass flow rate and vapor fraction at the outlet of the fuel injection hole are studied numerically for various fuels such as diesel, gasoline, ethanol and methanol. The results show that the mass flow rate of diesel is the highest and that of gasoline is the lowest. Methanol and gasoline have the highest vapor content, followed by ethanol, and then diesel with the lowest vapor phase. For mass flow, the mass flow is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the fuel, and for cavitation, the amount cavitation is inversely related to the viscosity of the fuel. This agrees with many researchers’ findings.