On phantoms in dialectal phraseography: statement of the question

The article deals with one of directions in linguistic source study, namely lexicographical criticism which evaluates accuracy and verifiability of the materials contained in dictionaries. A short review of the works devoted to lexicographical phantoms (mainly works by I. G. Dobrodomov, A. F. Zhuravlev, V. V. Shapoval) is presented; the only existing work on phraseological phantoms (the work by A. V. Zhukov written on the basis of literary language dictionaries) is discussed. Actual terminology is presented: an “imaginary word”, a “false word”, a “phantom word”, a “dark word", “lexicographical phantoms”, “dictionary phantoms”, as well as a “phraseological phantom”. The main reasons for mistakes having both linguistic and extralinguistic nature are defined. Some ways of avoiding inaccuracies and mistakes when defining lexical materials in dictionaries are proposed; a total control on the materials at all stages of work with them is declared to be the basic principle. Special attention is given to the problem of false phraseographical data, for the first time - to that studied on the basis of dialect material. Classification of the main types of phraseological phantoms (including title, grammatical, semantic phantoms) is presented on the local materials (namely on Perm Krai dialect dictionaries). Taking into account existing studies and the author’s own groundwork a broad interpretation of the term “phraseological phantom” (“phraseophantom”, pseudo-phraseological unit)” is proposed. According to the author it is a word combination or a sequence of words wrongly identified as a collocation or a phraseological units with wrongly identified grammatical meaning or wrongly interpreted semantics.