On the appeal to the leading linguo-philosophical theory of the 20th century: the horizon of critical discourse

The article reveals the process of development of the leading linguophilosophical theory of the 20th century - the discoveries of Noam Chomsky, who laid the foundation for generativism. We have revealed the essence of generative ("generativetransformational") grammar. According to N. Chomsky, its rules and principles are intrinsic, and allow forming and understanding an infinite series of statements with the help of a limited scope of rules and a finite set of grammatical language means. It is also shown that the language in the conceptual interpretation by N. Chomsky is an internal system that connects sound and meaning in a special way, through generated expressions. We have revealed the history of using the term “language model”. It is shown that in the conceptual interpretation by N. Chomsky, the model is interpreted as a formalized structure of the language, a scheme for constructing the language. We have compared the schemes of the language work proposed by N. Chomsky at the stages of the Standard Theory and the Extended Standard Theory. The article presents the controversy of N. Chomsky, M. Patch, S. Pinker, M. Brain, I. Schlesinger, D. McNeil, N. Goodman, J. Katz, R. Jackendoff, K. Fillmore, G. Lakoff, and J. R. Ross. The key question is whether N. Chomsky's concept is theoretically justified or is a hypothesis? As examples confirming the author's position, we have used the languages of exotic cultures, in particular, the language of the Piraha tribe. Today it is the only living language in the Murano dead language family. The principle of the Piraha’s archaic way of life is the "principle of direct relationship" (D. Everett). Perhaps it is this principle that can cast doubt on the principles of N. Chomsky's generative grammar. The article is written in the form of a new statement of the problem, which, it would seem, has long left the sphere of fierce discussions, but now again calls for reflection.