On constructions with object clauses with optional governed pronoun то

The most significant typological trait of an object construction of any language is that its structural elements belong to different levels of reflection: the superordinate clause describes a psychic action directed at an object named in the subor-dinate clause. In complex sentences with object clauses the position accounting for one of the predicate’s valences is taken by a predicative unit, or a predicative actant. In the Altai languages, polypredicative constructions containing neither pro-nouns nor conjunctions correspond to Russian sentences with object clauses. Their subordinate clauses, finished linearly by a participial predicate, directly accept the case affixes demanded by the ruling predicate. In the Russian language, case markers and their prepositions are fixed by a special pronoun component то, which precedes this predicative unit. In such constructions, the whole chain то... что serves as a marker of connection, and because of that, то is included in the subordinate clause as means of nominalization of a message regarding a certain event. Polypredicative constructions with object clauses in Russian and Altai are build on similar principles of grammatical government and nominalization of a subordinate predicative unit, which is achieved by various ‘technical’ means.