Verbalization of Foreignness in the Xenosphere of Russian, German, English Linguocultures

The article is dedicated to research into the category of foreignness: the peculiarities of its representation in non-closely related languages within the framework of linguistic, cultural, and xenological research. The concept of xenosphere is introduced, its structure consisting of five subspheres: aposessivity, territoriality, acognativity, ignotiveness, prodigality is described. These subspheres form the specific perception of the "foreign" and are expressed in the language through deictic means. The purpose of the study is to describe linguistic models and deictic means of expressing foreignness in the Russian, German, and English languages using the search parameters чужой/fremd/alien. The empirical basis of the study consists of contexts obtained by continuous sampling method from the National Corpus of the Russian Language, the German corpus DWDS-Korpora, and the British National Corpus. A wide range of deictic units has been identified to express foreignness: possessive, demonstrative, and indefinite pronouns, temporal and spatial adverbs, prepositions and postpositions, articles, kinship terms, emotional epithets, and others. The linguistic models for expressing aposessivity, territoriality, and acognativity include a verb, a descriptive attribute, and a noun, with the exception of the two-term model used to express subject territory. The deixis of ignotiveness is expressed through verbs of action and indefinite pronouns combined with a descriptor, the language means of theme and rheme expression in a sentence. The deixis of ignotiveness is conveyed by means of constructions that indicate the subject of perceiving foreignness and verbs of mental activity combined with descriptors. Differences in the objectification of the alien in the considered linguistic cultures were established.