Jusтifiсатiоn оf аррliсатiоn оf sноск-авsоrвing wоrкing еlемеnтs fоr rеduстiоn оf injurу аnd inтеnsifiсатiоn оf рrе-sееding тrеатмеnт оf sееds

When designing machinery for the production of agricultural crops and the production of high yields, it is necessary to minimize the loss of seeds at all stages of production. One of the ways to reduce losses is to reduce injury to seeds by working elements of agricultural machines. Pre-sowing seed treatment is an integral and important process of agrotechnological preparation of seeds for sowing. The elimination of the destruction for easily injured seeds of cereals, legumes and other agricultural crops during pre-sowing treatment will allow to reduce crop losses, accelerate the introduction of an organic farming system in the Rostov region and other regions of Russia, improve the quality of seed, reduce the consumption of seeds and dressing pre-parations, fully and without losses use biological products when processing seeds. The study is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of the conditions of «shock absorption» - a phenomenon that excludes the destruction of seeds and reduces the risk of injury when they collide with the surfaces of the working bodies of agricultural machines, in particular machines for pre-sowing seed treatment. The analysis of the dependence to determine the potential energy for deformation of the working surface, obtained in the theoretical study of the impact interaction of seeds and the working surface, shows that a decrease in the recovery coefficient upon impact will increase the potential energy of deformation, which will lead to a decrease in the risk of damage to seeds. Experimental studies have shown that the amount of potential energy when falling on a highly elastic surface will increase by 2,5 times compared to the impact of seeds on the steel surface and will intensify the process of coating seeds with a dressing preparation. The results of the performed study will allow intensifying the process of processing seed material before sowing and developing machines that prevent crushing of seeds by working bodies.