The substantiation of harvesting methods and terms for oilseed crops (rapeseed, camelina, mustard) in Kansk forest-steppe conditions

The assessment of harvesting time and methods for cabbage oilseeds was given in field experiment in the conditions of Kansk forest-steppe(LLC“Solyanskoye”Rybinsk district). 7 harvesting periods with an interval of 3 days were tested on the crops of rapeseed of Siberian varieties, camelina of Uzhursky variety and mustard of Semenovskaya variety. In the experiment direct combine-harvesting and two-phase harvesting were used. Direct combining began with the onset of full oilseeds ripeness. At two-phase harvesting all plots were mowed in the phase of wax ripeness and threshing was carried out at the onset of full ripeness. The research has shown the advantage of single-phase harvesting for cabbage oilseeds. In the conditions of single-phase harvesting the maximum productivity of rapeseed was formed 6 days after the beginning of full ripeness (1.71 t/hectare). The later period resulted in the loss of grain for 28- 58 %. The loss of camelina seeds at direct combine-harvesting in later terms was slight (9 %). Direct combine harvesting of camelina crops in the phase of full ripeness during the first 6 days prevented the loss of oil seeds, providing the productivity of 0.78-0.81 t/hectare. An optimum way of mustard harvesting is direct combine harvesting within 6 days from the beginning of pod full maturity (of 1.62 t/hectare). Direct combine harvesting reduces the level of production costs in the cultivation of cabbage oilseeds.