Aggravation of relations between Poland and the EU: potential development scenarios and solutions to disintegration processes

The aim of this study is to analyze the aggravation of relations between Poland and the European Union from 2016 to 2023 and to identify potential development scenarios. The study identifies several forms of disintegration processes within Poland-EU relations, including challenges to the primacy of EU law, erosion of democratic norms, and disputes over national sovereignty. Key actions by both parties aimed at mitigating these processes include dialogue, negotiation, and institutional reform. However, the underlying issue of conflicting national values poses a significant obstacle to resolution. The tensions between Poland and the EU are rooted in divergent interpretations of democracy, the rule of law, and national sovereignty. The EU’s insistence on adherence to its legal and democratic standards clashes with Poland’s perceived defense of traditional national values. Resolving these tensions requires a delicate balance between respecting national sovereignty and upholding EU principles. The effective implementation of these reforms should be deemed satisfactory by the European Commission. Only after aligning Poland’s judicial system with EU standards will the country receive the majority of subsidies, grants, and funds from the European Union, which can then be directed towards supporting national agricultural producers. In conclusion, the aggravation of relations between Poland and the EU underscores the challenges facing European integration. Addressing disintegration processes within the union requires a concerted effort by both parties to reconcile conflicting interests and values. Poland’s commitment to aligning its judicial system with EU standards is essential for restoring trust and cooperation within the union.