Education as a social and cultural institution of modern society

The education system is a part of society, and not a structure isolated from it. Therefore, the goals, content, forms, and concept of education are defined by the society itself, and, for their part, influence its development. Naturally the problems of education and upbringing are acquired during transition periods — periods of fundamental social transformations, because, for all the importance of economic, scientific, technical and socio-cultural innovations, they cannot be considered separately from the main character of the probable transformations man. Only the intellectual, professional and moral potential of a person serves as a real guarantor of any transformations, the implementation of predictions and plans. This is exactly the situation that developed in the Russian historical tradition at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, when the problems of the formation and upbringing of the younger generation came to the forefront. During this period, the most prominent minds of Russian science — philosophers, historians, psychologists, and cultural and educational workers — began to study the issues of education and upbringing. As a result of creative activity in the period under review, a large number of scientific works were published, affecting the problems of the formation and upbringing of the individual. This is the time when the problems of the humanization of education began to sound acute, serious attention was paid to individualization, the formation of a civic position, patriotic education and, most importantly, the spiritual and moral development of the individual.