Public diplomacy of Russia and Kazakhstan as a tool of state youth policy formation

The article deals with the distinction between state and non-state youth policy. This approach was purposefully selected by the authors as the review of the state youth policy only through the prism of the institutional approach does not allow to understand and to comprehend other mechanisms of its formation, in addition to the ones used by state power institutions. The institutional approach also does not take into account a number of important factors, influencing youth policy formation. The authors show the differences between political-science understanding of public diplomacy and its legal, sociological and historical understanding. The article contains the identification of the nature of public diplomacy, which had emerged as a response to the global challenges and threats, to the formation of a new world order, to the course of intra-political development. Globalization has become the main reason for public diplomacy emergence and active development. In the context of this study, public diplomacy is presented as an effective mechanism for the formation of the state youth policy of Russia and Kazakhstan. The authors show the advantages of conceptual and formal plan of public diplomacy in comparison to the official one on the example of youth policy development in the two countries. Public diplomacy appeared from the standpoint of the intra-political influence on the power institutions in the state, and the foreign policy effect in the system of international relations. The authors identify and analyze the geopolitical, historical and cultural factors that serve as preconditions for effective development of public diplomacy in the context of youth policy of Russia and Kazakhstan. The role of youth organizations in the space of the actual policy of the relationship between contemporary countries is defined and illustrated. The article gives the forecast for the development of forms and mechanisms of public diplomacy in the context of the formation of the state youth policy of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study showed that the main tool of non-governmental youth organizations in global youth policy is the formation of international public opinion, and the integration of human resources, as important aspects of the process of development and implementation of youth policy.