Review of external neck landmarks in the aspect of operative surgical care

Background. The high prevalence of neck injuries and the complexity of their surgical treatment represent one of the key challenges in modern clinical anatomy and operative surgery. Understanding the external anatomy of the neck plays a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of these injuries.Objective. To systematize and analyze data on external neck landmarks, their classification, and significance in surgical practice, with a particular emphasis on applications in operative and military field surgery.Methods. A comprehensive analysis of historical and contemporary scientific sources on neck anatomy and surgery was conducted. Works ranging from ancient authors (Hippocrates, Vesalius, Leonardo da Vinci) to modern researchers were examined, including studies by domestic scientists (A.P. Samarin, V.N. Shevkunenko, S.N. Delitsyn) and foreign specialists (Monson).