Assessment of the Anthropogenic Impact of Coal Mining Activities on the Quality of Groundwater and Surface Water (Case Study of the Permyakovskii Open-Pit Coal Mine, Kemerovo Region)

Assessing the anthropogenic impact of coal mining on water resource quality is crucial for environmental safety and the sustainable development of regions with mining enterprises. Amid increasing technogenic pressure and tightening environmental regulations, developing approaches to monitor and mitigate negative consequences becomes particularly relevant. The study aims to analyze the impact of open-pit coal mining at the Permyakovskii coal mine (Kemerovo Region) on the condition of water bodies and to develop recommendations for minimizing effects on groundwater and surface water. The article presents the results of water quality monitoring in the area of the coal mine’s operations from 2022 to 2024. Concentrations of heavy metals, petroleum products, nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, as well as BOD, COD, dry residue, and suspended solids were examined. The mine’s wastewater generally complies with standards, with treatment facilities effectively removing petroleum products, phosphates, and suspended solids, but they are less successful in managing sulfates, chlorides, iron, and nitrates, necessitating modernization. Groundwater monitoring revealed a slight increase in mineralization and nitrogen compound content, though water quality remains satisfactory and suitable for drinking. Recommendations include improving drainage and treatment systems, monitoring the Inya River, and controlling wastewater based on chemical and toxicological parameters. The proposed measures aim to reduce technogenic pressure and ensure ecological balance in Kuzbass, contributing to the region’s sustainable development.