Risk factors for the development of maladaptive reactions to different types of physical load in middle-aged men

Aim. The article is aimed at assessing the risks for developing pathological reactions to different types of physical activity in middle-aged men. Materials and methods. A comprehensive study of 34 men was conducted, of which 19 people performed strength exercises and 15 people practiced sport in swimming groups. The following data were studied: official data of the clinical examination, indicators of an electrocardiographic study of the cardiovascular system, data of functional tests, anthropometric indicators, data of magnetic resonance imaging. All participants underwent an annual medical examination. Functional tests were performed on a treadmill (Matrix USA) with parallel ECG recording (Cardiovit AT-101, Schiller, Switzerland). The development of physical qualities was assessed at three control points: at the beginning of the study, at 6 and 9 months of the study. Statistical processing was carried out using standard methods of variation statistics (Statistica 10.0 USA). Result. Almost the entire sample had pathological changes in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system, which created a significant risk of maladaptation to physical activity. Strength exercises in some cases provoked an increase in blood pressure (BP) to maximum values, resulted in pain in the vertebral region and injuries of the capsular ligamentous structures. The training sessions in the swimming groups were characterized by the absence of a risk to the regulatory adaptive systems of the body, which allowed to increase the reserves of the cardiorespiratory system. Conclusion. Strength exercises for middle-aged men impose significant risks to health, while swimming is an effective means for developing physical qualities and increasing the functional reserves of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.