Assessment of the effectiveness of using labor and production potential in grain farming

Nowadays the most important priority of the agrarian policy of the Russian Federation is to increase profitability and ensure efficiency of agricultural production, including one of its leading sectors - grain farming. In this regard, there is an objective need to conduct scientific research, assessment monitoring and study the directions and factors that ensure the profitable development of grain production. The presented material analyzes the dynamics of gross harvests of grain and leguminous crops in the Russian Federation (in farms of all categories) for the period of 2015-2022. A ranked series of distribution of economic entities of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation by grain production volumes for the reporting period has been constructed. Dynamic changes in the sown area, gross yield and yield of grain and leguminous crops in the Orel region were assessed. The profitability indicators of individual types of cereals have been calculated, general, specific and auxiliary indicators of labor productivity, including the labor intensity of production, have been analyzed, and direct labor costs per hectare of sown area have been estimated. The importance of the grain industry in the agricultural economy of the Orel region has been determined. It is concluded that increasing the volume of grain production ensures an increase in its use for feed purposes, processing, formation of reserves and an increase in exports, and it also contributes to increasing the efficiency of development of the agricultural sector and ensuring the comprehensive development of rural areas. The attention is focused on priorities that ensure profitable agricultural production - reducing direct and other costs by increasing the level of labor productivity, reducing labor intensity, rational use of working capital, and optimal technical support.