Evaluation of the effectiveness of nasointestinal intubation in acute adhesive small bowel obstruction

An important aspect of the treatment of acute adhesive obstructive intestinal obstruction, from the pathophysiological point of view, is early diagnosis and effective conservative treatment aimed at intestinal decompression, elimination of intoxication, and prevention of complications such as intestinal perforation or sepsis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nasointestinal intubation in patients with acute obstructive small intestinal obstruction as one of the main medical procedures performed during conservative treatment. The prospective study included patients over 18 years old with a diagnosis of acute adhesive obstructive small intestinal obstruction, admitted to the National Surgical Center of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic from 2023 to 2024 (1 group). Patients in the main group underwent nasointestinal intubation after clinical and instrumental studies and after obtaining informed consent. In the retrospective study, medical records of patients admitted with the clinical picture of acute adhesive obstructive small intestinal obstruction from 2022 to 2023 were selected, who underwent gastrointestinal tract decompression using gastric intubation (2 group). In Group 1 (n = 48), where nasointestinal intubation was used, 77.1% of patients successfully resolved acute adhesive obstructive small intestinal obstruction using conservative treatment. In Group 2 (n = 56), where nasogastric intubation was used, conservative treatment was successful in 60.7% (34 patients). The effectiveness of nasointestinal intubation for small intestinal decompression in patients with acute obstructive small intestinal obstruction is statistically higher than in patients who received nasogastric intubation.