Estimation of environmental plasticity and stability of spring rapeseed genotypes in the different zones of cultivation

The purpose of the research was a comparative estimation of adaptive potential of new cultivars and promising variety samples of spring rapeseed bred at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. In 2021-2022, the environmental estimation of the new cultivars Balans, Kenar, and Tavrion and promising variety samples VN-PR, VN-2478, VN-DL, VN-417, and VN-D5065 was conducted in field crop rotations in the Krasnodar, Lipetsk, Moscow, Omsk, and Leningrad regions. Indicators of the environmental plasticity and stability were calculated due to methods by Eberhart S.A., Rassell W.A. as published by Zykin V.A. The stress resistance and an average yield in contrast conditions were determined due to the equation by Rossille A.A., Hamblin J. as expounded by Goncharenko A.A. The potential productivity and adaptability were determined due to methods by Zhivotkov L.A. The most favorable conditions for growth and development of spring rapeseed plants formed in the Omsk region, an average yield of genotypes was 2.06 t/ha, and an environmental index was 4.08. The satisfactory conditions formed in the Lipetsk region (Ij = 0.14) where the average yield was 1.66 t/ha. The promising variety samples of spring rapeseed VN-PR and VN-417 appeared to be highly flexible to the changing conditions in the cultivation zones - bi was equal to 1.2 and 1.1, respectively. The cultivar Tavrion (0.10) and variety samples BN-PR and VN-DL (0.27) are characterized with the high stability, have the best adaptability to the decline of weather conditions. The cultivar Balans (-0.55) and variety sample VN-D5065 (-0.56) demonstrated the high stress resistance. The cultivar Balans (1.79) and variety sample VN-417 (1.80) possess the high genetic potential. The cultivar Balans and samples VN-2478, VN-DL, and VN-417 were characterized with the highest indicators (higher than 100%) of a coefficient of the adaptability.