Evaluation of individual components of the manifestation of speed in preschool children (gender aspect)

Relevance. The article deals with the issue of understanding the specifics of the process of formation of psychomotor function in boys and girls 4-6 years old, which is reflected in the level of manifestation of the speed of motor actions. As is known, the physiological mechanism of the manifestation of rapidity is primarily associated with the speed characteristics of nervous processes and is represented as a multifunctional property of the central nervous system. At the age of 4-6 years, there is an intensive morphological and functional restructuring of all body systems and, despite the fact that the rates of psycho-motor development of a child can vary widely, a certain sequence in the development of motor and mental functions remains. Therefore, one of the most important problems in the field of pedagogy is the question of studying the psychomotor skills of preschool children. The undertaken research can significantly bring specialists closer to understanding not only the age, but also the gender dynamics of restructuring the structure of motor skills of preschoolers. The aim of the study is to substantiate the dynamics of changes in individual components of speed as motor ability in preschoolers based on a comparative assessment of the features of the manifestation of individual components of psychomotor skills. Research methods. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing (running for 10 m (s)), psychofunctional testing (simple visual-motor reaction with an elementary motor component (measurement was carried out using a reflexometer), c; reaction to a moving object (RDO) with an elementary motor component, c; maximum frequency of hand movements in 10 seconds (tapping test)), methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the study. The total reaction time in preschoolers decreases steadily with age (from 4 to 6 years), both due to a reduction in the latency period and due to a decrease in the duration of the motor reaction. The latency period is more than half the duration of the total reaction time. The periods of the greatest improvement in the RDO indicator are observed in boys of five and girls of four years. At the age of 4, the result in running 10 m is noticeably different in children of different sexes, but by the age of 6, the speed of running this segment of the distance in boys and girls is practically the same. In the fifth year of life, the most pronounced shifts were recorded when measuring the motor reaction time and the total reaction time of the left hand, and in the sixth, the dynamics of changes in speed indicators fundamentally changes in many tests - in almost all indicators (except for the motor reaction time and the frequency of hand movement), the advantage remains with girls Conclusion. As a result of studying the peculiarities of the manifestation of rapidity of preschoolers 4-6 years old, it was found that the dynamics of changes in psychomotor indicators of rapidity differs in boys and girls at different age periods. In most cases, gender changes in the fifth year of life are diametrically opposed to changes in the sixth year of life.