Evaluation of promising varieties and breeding lines of soybean on productivity and quality composition of seeds in the conditions of the Central Black Earth region

The article presents three-year data on yield studies and four-year data on the study of seed quality composition on the percentage of protein and oil content of soybean varieties of different morphotypes and growing seasons. In the course of the research varieties with high yield (2.62-2.99 t/ha), among which were foreign varieties (ES Komandor, Pripyat, Maxus, Zelda) and promising domestic line of breeding Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops (SG 50 №3) were identified. Varieties with low yields (1.56-2.13 t/ha) such as SibNIIK 315, EN Argenta, Leader 10, SG 39 №2 and Mezenka were also noted. The study revealed genotypes with high protein (>45.20%) and oil (>21.20%) content in seeds. The high protein varieties included SG 39 №2, Amadeus, Leader 10, Alaska, and SG 39, while those with high percentage of fat were Slava, Mezenka, Osmon, Zusha, and Antigua. Among the varieties with the highest yield of protein per hectare (1.10-1.25 t/ha), there were genotypes (ES Komandor, Maxus, Pripyat, SG 50 №3), which entered the group of the highest yielding. Although they did not have increased protein content in seeds, but due to high yield they were leveled. The analysis showed that yield has a greater influence on the yield of protein and fat from seeds per hectare than their percentage content in seeds. ES Komandor variety showed the highest yield of both protein (1.25 t/ha) and oil (0.61 t/ha) per hectare. These results can be used to optimize soybean production depending on the needs of production enterprises, providing more efficient use of sown areas.