Estimation of techniques of yield formation and sowing qualities of sunflower seeds on a hybridization plot and in F1

The research was conducted in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2022-2023. In 2022, we studied effect of agro-technical methods of cultivation (fertilizers, chemical plant protection, fertilizers combined with chemical plant protection, and biological plant protection) on a hybridization plot on yield and sowing qualities in F1 seed of a sunflower hybrid Surus. The obtained seeds were divided into three fractions (large, middle, and small) and treated with an insecticide-fungicide composition (Kruizer, EC - 10 l/t + Apron Gold, WE - 3 l/t + Maxim, SC - 5 l/t) before the estimation of their germination (in laboratory and field). The studied cultivation methods, fractions, and seed treatment influenced positively the laboratory and field seed germination of the hybrid Surus, which was equal 9497 and 88-91%, respectively. Consequently, these methods are effective in sunflower hybrid seed groing to produce seeds with high sowing qualities. In 2023, we studied germination, yield and quality of commercial seeds of the hybrid Surus, using for planting F1 seeds produced on the hybridization plot in 2022. We determined the application of fertilizers both separately or jointly with chemical ways of plant protection as well as usage of treated seeds of large and middle fractions on the hybridization plot provided the highest meanings of field germination of seeds (in average 90%), yield (3.20 t/ha), oil content in seeds (50.4%), and oil yield (1.45 t/ha).