Evaluation of productivity and adaptive capacity of vegetable peas varieties in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

Relevance. Peas are an important element of dietary nutrition in the Russian Federation due to the content of vitamins, microelements and essential amino acids. For the conditions of the Omsk region, which is a zone of risky farming due to unpredictable weather conditions, it is necessary to create ecologically flexible varieties that would ensure high productivity in favorable cultivation conditions and not significantly reduce it in stressful ones. The purpose of our research is to assess the ecological plasticity and stability of samples of peas based on productivity traits in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. Material and Methodology. The research material was 65 samples of the international collection of genetic resources. The research was conducted over five years from 2018 to 2022 in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The records were kept in accordance with the "Methodological guidelines for studying the collection of grain legume crops". The calculation of ecological plasticity was carried out according to the method of S.A. Eberhart and V.A. Russell as presented by V.A. Zykin. Results. The studies have established that the greatest influence on the formation of the thousand-seed weight and the number of seeds in a pod was exerted by the genotype (from 57 to 60 %), however, in terms of seed weight per plant, growing conditions had a greater influence (69 %), which indicates greater plasticity of this trait in the conditions of Western Siberia and makes it possible to isolate valuable genotypes for breeding programs. Calculation of the ecological plasticity parameters made it possible to select vegetable pea samples characterized by high ecological plasticity and responsiveness to growing conditions: by seed weight per plant – Triumph; by thousand-seed weight – Triumph and Sovinter; by the number of seeds in a pod – Triumph, Darunok and Premium. The samples demonstrating stable productivity were selected, which is a specific response of the genotype to changing environmental conditions: by seed weight per plant – Sovinter, Premium, Neistoshimiy 195; by weight of 1000 seeds – Premium with large seeds, Neistoshimy 195 and Darunok with medium-sized seeds; by number of seeds in a pod – Sovinter.