The estimation of early soybean cultivars of the northern ecotype of the chuvash breeding on the main economic valuable traits in the competitive variety trial

The characteristic of the new perspective early soybean cultivars of the Chuvash breeding in Volga-Vyatsk region of the Russian Federation is presented. The competitive variety trials were conducted in 2014-2015 in Chuvash Research Institute. Soil is grey, forest, loamy, truncated, neutral on acid degree, with average humus content, and high active phosphorus and potassium contents. Nine new perspective early soybean lines of the northern ecotype of the Chuvash breeding were used in research. The variant placement was randomized, in three stripes, in four repetitions. Sowing plots were of four rows, with area 50 sq. m (2 x 25), interrow distance 50 cm. Accounting area was 20 sq. m - two inner rows. Sowing dates were optimal, seed sowing norm was 450 ths. viable seeds per hectare. The harvesting was done by the combine “Campo”. The vegetation period was characterized by insufficient moistening in 2014 (HTK 0.9, a sum of active temperatures higher than 10° - 2085 °С). The conditions in 2015 were favorable for the growth and development of soybean (HTK 2.2, a sum of active temperatures - 2094 °С). The cultivars Memory of Fadeev, Lumaria are characterized by determinant growth type with limit branching, pressed straight standing, adaptable for mechanical cultivation. These two cultivars are distinguished by large seeds (the 1000 seed weight of the cultivar Memory of Fafeev is 191-196 g, Lumaria - 224-240 g). Seed productivity of the cultivar Memory of Fadeev exceeded standard cultivar (yield of Chera 1 is 23.8 quintal per ha) on 4.2 quintal per ha and of the cultivar Lumaria - on 5.0 quintal per ha. The cultivars of intermediate growth type (Merchen, Shevle, Sarpike) are characterized by average branching (3-4 branches), high attachment of pods from the soil surface, and high productivity, adapted for mechanical cultivation. The seed yield per an area unit in average for two years was 32.2 quintal per ha at the cultivar Merchen, 30.3 quintal per ha - at Shevle, and 29 quintal per ha - at Sarpike. The increases over standard cultivar were 8.4; 6.5; 5.2 quintal per ha, respectively. Undeterminant lines were presented by tall, candelabrum, medium branching, nutating forms. These forms (344/2; 13/6; 291/1) are suitable for cultivation for seeds and green forage in mixtures with corn. The yield of seeds exceeded the standard one on 6.3 quintal per ha at the form 291/1 on 4 quintal per ha -at 13/6, and on 1.5 quintal per ha - at 344/2.