The socio-economic development assessment of the region of the Baikal natural territory

The main and most valuable resource for the development of any territory is human capital, the will and labor of which create all the necessary benefits and solve the problems of socio-economic growth. The development of the country is ensured by the development of its regions, which are characterized by significant differentiation in terms of objective natural and climatic conditions, the potential for economic development and other factors. According to the authors, unfavorable trends have recently developed in many Russian regions: the population is declining and life expectancy is decreasing, urbanization is increasing, unemployment and crime are still high. Ten regions of the country are recognized by the government as depressive, but there are regions that have development parameters that are very close to the depressive category. These include the Republic of Buryatia, located on the Baikal natural territory, which significantly limits its ability to manage and develop. Buryatia lags behind the average Russian level in many economic and social parameters, has a high level of “central” urbanization, a significant natural and migration decline in the population, a decrease in life expectancy with a high level of unemployment and crime. In 2021-2022, the republic shifted from 78th to 81st place in the ranking of regions in terms of quality of life. All this requires the adoption of appropriate government decisions to eliminate adverse processes. Moreover, this applies not only to Buryatia, but also to all depressive and close to this status regions. Under the current conditions in the country, it is necessary through the mechanisms of scientifically based state regulation and comprehensive support to ensure the achievement of a balance in spatial development and the prevention of the growth of negative socio-economic processes. The state, as the guarantor of the Constitution, is obliged to create conditions for ensuring a high quality of life for people - the main wealth and heritage of any territory.