Evaluation of the influence of various factors on in vitro rooting and ex vitro adaptation of Russian cultivars of Prunus cerasus L

The purpose of research is to study the characteristics of rhizogenesis in vitro of domestic varieties of P. cerasus and their adaptation to non-sterile conditions ex vitro. The study was carried out on the basis of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Kostroma State Agricultural Academy and Northern Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov using generally accepted methods for clonal micropropagation of plants. The objects of the study were P. cerasus plants of two Russian varieties of medium ripening - Novella and Shokoladnitsa, which are in great demand in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The tips of green and woody shoots, apical and lateral buds of plants were used as explants. The influence of auxins, illumination and cultivation temperature on the degree of root formation of regenerated plants was studied. The rooting rate (%) and the number of roots formed (pcs.) were taken into account. The experiment was repeated 3 times, with 10 test tube plants in each. Adaptation of in vitro rooted test tube plants was carried out in a heated room on vertical 4-tier farms (2.22 × 0.7 × 3.5 m) with a photoperiod of 16/8 hours, air temperature 23 ± 2 °C, air humidity - approx. 90-100 %. Indolylbutyric acid at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l in the Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium had the greatest effect (56.2 %) on improving the rooting of P. cerasus microshoots in in vitro culture. The best rooting (44 %) of P. cerasus microshoots in in vitro culture was detected within 2 weeks under illumination conditions of 1500-2000 lux and air temperature 15 °C. The greatest increase in shoots of regenerated plants of the P. cerasus variety Shokoladnitsa (11.3 mm) and Novella (5.13 mm) at the stage of adaptation to non-sterile conditions ex vitro on a substrate of a mixture of peat with sand (2: 1) was noted when illuminated with LED when illuminated by red spectrum lamps, which is 1.8-3.2 times more than when using the white spectrum.