Centers of social disadvantage as a cause of victimhood of the external labour migrants

In all countries of the world, external labor migrants belong to a social group with increased victimization, however, the domestic science of victimology has not yet developed a holistic and universal set of measures aimed at victimological prevention against them . The initial stage in the formation of such a system of measures should be the identification of the causes and conditions that generate and contribute to the formation of victimization of migrants and its increase, which was the purpose of the study . It has been established that in determining the victimization of external labor migrants, the most important role is played by foci of social disadvantage, which are a source of increased victimization of external labor migrants and act as a specific factor of crime against the latter . These include the low standard of living and education in the countries of origin, the lack of accessible and simple, transparent mechanisms for legal residence and employment in the host State for external migrants, and the absence in the Russian Federation of a unified victimological prevention system for external migrant workers . The second group of foci includes factors related to social and household problems in national immigrant communities, temporary detention centers for foreign citizens and stateless persons, labor collectives and places of residence of immigrants in the host state . For each isolated focus, measures are proposed to influence it in order to reduce its negative impact on victimization . They can be used as a basis for further building a universal and unified system of measures to reduce the victimization of external labor migrants in Russia . The authors include among the main and most promising measures: the creation of free educational and educational courses; the development of special memos; the actual formation of a unified system of victimological prevention in Russia; the organization of special pre-placement points with the provision of legal, psychological and social assistance; normative consolidation of standards of living and work of external migrants; increasing the level of preventive work of the authorities in their activities aimed at protecting the rights and interests of external migrant workers .