Ontological system "knowledge-activity"

The paper considers an approach to construction of human rational activity ontological description. Such a description can serve as an additional source for entering the information space, expands the class of possible indexes for describing documents and allows to implement contextual search. The purpose and features of the use of ontologies in describing the subject area, both from a theoretical and an applied point of view, are considered. Criteria for identifying types of ontologies are indicated. Based on the principles of knowledge schematism, a knowledge representation ontologies system has been developed, which unites language, forms of knowledge representation and process schemes. It is shown that precisely such kind of ontologies system makes possible the practical use of ontologies in computing environments. For a comprehensive description of production (rational) activity, ontologies of artifacts and processes are presented, developed on the basis of an analysis of state and international standards. The ontology of an artifact is a description of an object - a means and a result of purposeful activity, an ontology of processes is a formalized description of the life cycle of an activity. With the help of the ontology of the artifact, it becomes possible to represent the logical structure of activity, and with the help of the ontology of processes, the temporal structure, which jointly determine the two sides of the description of complex activity. The proposed ontology of processes includes a hierarchically related set of stages of the life cycle of activity, objects and subjects of activity of each stage and plays the role of a "navigation map" for subjects of activity, allowing them to navigate in complex organizational structures.