Ontological engineering for the development of the intelligent system for threats analysis and risk assessment of cybersecurity in energy facilities

The article describes the main results of applying ontological engineering in the development of the intelligent system for threats analysis and risk assessment of cybersecurity violations in energy facilities. The ontological knowledge space for the problem area of risk assessment has been built, comprising identification, analysis and evaluation of the risk of cybersecurity incidents that can cause extreme situations in the energy sector. The paper highlights the intellectual system architecture being developed and tasks for which the ontological engineering was carried out. The ontological knowledge space is represented as combining ontology subsystems, the development of which is carried out for each block of the intelligent system. The authors provide ontologies that reflect the basic concepts of cybersecurity, including current threats in the energy sector, risk classification and components of the emergency situation scenario in the energy sector. The produced ontologies allowed to integrate the concepts of the main research areas, including energy security, cybersecurity, scenario planning, and risk management. We used methods of system analysis, methodological foundations for building intelligent information systems in energy research, methods for supporting decision-making, methods of knowledge engineering, methods of semantic modeling, including ontological engineering. The novelty of the work is in the structuring of expert knowledge and the construction of the ontological knowledge space, which is used to develop an intelligent system for analyzing threats and assessing the risks to the cybersecurity of energy facilities.