Ontologies as semantic models

The article deals with the experience of semantic ontology-based modelling. It is supposed that ontologies are suitable for representation of both formal and descriptive (i.e. actually semantic) models. As the precondition for a choice of base elements of ontological specifications the cognitive ability to distinguish objects («discrete objects») in the reality and to find connections between objects is postulated. Because the relationship as a set of relations is divided into properties and associations of objects, therefore properties and classes of objects turned out to be modeling primitives for ontologies. Associative relations, elements of operational basis and axioms of a modeled object domain are fixed at definition of special properties of objects. The general plan of ontological models use is analyzed, its organic orientation to integration of diverse knowledge is ascertained and a mechanism of models control is outlined.