Ontology for designing situational digital twins of industrial-natural complexes for modeling their structural safety

The article proposes an ontology of designing specialized digital twins of spatially distributed components of industrial-natural complexes (INC) based on the theory and intellectualized situational modeling system previously developed by the author. The ontology makes it possible to study the interaction of non-stationary INCs in normal operating modes and in the event of abnormal or emergency situations. The distinguishing feature of the accomplished development lies in the possibility of the preventive security analytics for the INC integration into existing infrastructures and provides a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of proposed measures to prevent failures of INC components, including early detection of dependent (complex, cascading) failures. In order to increase the flexibility of modeling newly created INCs, the concept of structural security is presented, which generalizes ways to take into account various known aspects of security. The relevance of this task is determined by the growth in the number and power supply of INCs in the modern world, the complication of their interactions and the corresponding increase in the possibility of the most dangerous dependent failures, as well as the growth in the volume of data available for analysis as a result of the rapid development of the Internet of Things. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in the comprehensive application of expert knowledge at all stages of modeling in a cause-and-effect paradigm in order to synthesize preferred options for implementing INC structures.