The basic tourist and recreational framework of Russia and the prospects of its development

The article discusses and details the concept of the support tourist and recreational framework (STRF) of the territory as a linear-nodal system of tourism' spatial organization. The article characterizes the main elements of STRF are: areas, nodes, axes and loci and determines the role and functions of each of the elements, as well as the features of their interaction. An analysis of variants of the mutual arrangement of the elements of the STRF and the influence of significant geographical objects (seashore, large river, etc.), gives the possibility to identify seven types of it (radial-ray, radial-ring, lattice, linear, basin, facade, focal). In addition, the article analyzes the features of the organization and functioning of the STRF at different hierarchical levels (local, regional, national) through the example of Russia and characterizes their advantages and disadvantages. The general configuration of the modern basic tourist and recreational framework of Russia, as well as its main elements at the national and regional levels, is described. We can conclude that in the global (planetary) STRF, Russia is currently represented by only two "nodes" - Moscow and St. Petersburg. National nodes of the first order: "Golden Ring of Russia", "Silver Necklace of Russia", "Kaliningrad semi-enclave", "Russian North", "Middle Volga region", "Azov-Black Sea coast of the Caucasus", "Crimea", "Mountain Caucasus", "Mountain Altai", "Southern Baikal" and "Southern Primorye". The nodes of the second-order national STRF of Russia include the "Russian Arctic", "Taimyr", "Sayans", "Kamchatka", "Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands". So far, such STRF nodes as "Samara", "Volgograd", "Astrakhan", "Perm", "Bashkir", "Tyumen", "Plain-Altai", "Kemerovo", and "Krasnoyarsk" can only be attributed to the regional level. An obvious territorial disproportion has been revealed in the development of the Russian STRF, which can be somewhat reduced, primarily due to the development of transport infrastructure and the diversification of the axes of the support tourist and recreational framework.