Review of methods for determining biologically active compounds in agricultural raw materials

This article presents an overview of modern methods for determining biologically active compounds in plant-based agricultural raw materials, covering a range of analytical approaches - from classical chemical and titrimetric methods to highly effective instrumental techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The aim of the study was to analyze existing methods and identify the most appropriate one for determining biologically active substances in the studied agricultural raw materials. Wheat and lentil samples grown in the Omsk region, modified by biofortification methods, in particular, selection, were selected for the study. An analysis and comparative evaluation of available methods allowed for the justified selection of the simplest and most accurate method for the quantitative determination of biologically active substances in the studied raw materials, adapted to the specific chemical composition of the raw materials. This method, which determines the total content of phenolic compounds, allows for more accurate data and increases operational safety while reducing extraction time. This creates the preconditions for its widespread use in the food industry. According to the data obtained, the studied samples are distinguished by their high protein value. The result was the quantitative determination of phenolic compounds at the initial stage in samples of modified plant raw materials. The results emphasize that pigmented varieties of grains and legumes possess increased nutrient and biological value compared to traditional ones and can be used as functional raw materials in the development of functional and specialized foods and biologically active components. The obtained data on the content of two key components - protein and phenolic compounds - can serve as a basis for further research aimed at studying the interaction of these substances in modified raw materials. Conducting these studies is the first step in a comprehensive experiment as part of the development of a multicomponent biologically active component - a nutraceutical. This review is of interest to researchers, analysts, and food industry specialists striving for reliable and effective control of the content of biologically active substances in raw materials and the production of functional foods and biologically active substances.