Oratory in pedagogical activity of a pedagogue

Автор: Gulyamova S.T.

Журнал: Теория и практика современной науки @modern-j

Рубрика: Основной раздел

Статья в выпуске: 9 (15), 2016 года.

Бесплатный доступ

In the article oratory is considered as the most important argument in pedagogical activity of a pedagogue. The important opinions of the scientists such as Aristotle, Cicero, Quintilian, B. Pascal, G. Spenser, and Dale Carnegie and so on are given in the article. In addition, some points of view and advices about speech of the famous thinkers in the East Abu Nasr Farabi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna), Abu Homid Muhammad al- Gazzali, Husain Kashifi and Alisher Navai are brought.

An orator, an orator-pedagogue, an audience, listener, speech, oratory (elocution), the style of an orator, the method of an orator, the skills of an orator, the arguments of speech

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/140289346

IDR: 140289346

Текст научной статьи Oratory in pedagogical activity of a pedagogue

Oratory is of great importance in a pedagogue`s pedagogical activity. It is so important for an orator-pedagogue to know the rules of verbal speech, the principles of logic and speaking aptitude shortly and exactly. A Greek philosopher Aristotle said that each of speech should have a body, a head and feet like living things and their motion should be in congruence with each other [5, 90]. One of the famous philosophers Cicero said a person is born as a poet, but he attains oratory...each of orators` aim to awake listeners` interest and attract attention to himself [4, 108]. The teacher of elocution Quintilian advised future orators following words: “make a speech clearly and exactly in order the attending people your meeting can understand you fully” [6, 22].

One of the famous thinkers in the East Abu Nasr Farabi paid attention to the role of lexicology, grammar and logic in preparing an interesting speech and making correct conclusions and deductions. Speaking about oratorical demands, Abu Nasr Farabi said an orator`s words should be clearly and he should tell his opinion exactly. Abu Rayhan Beruni also considered a person should know grammar and logic deeply to make ready a text of speech and deliver an interesting oration. Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) said that an orator should learn a subject and a text of his speech deeply before he makes an oration and he should also state moral-educational meaning of his delivering speech. “If we make any mistakes, - said Avicenna, - all our labor will be vainly and it won`t bring to an expecting result”. Limitations in speech were compared by the thinker to a festering or supportive wound. “When the time comes, limitations will act like pus and it will show its indecorous guise”, - considered Avicenna [5, 91]. Another of the famous thinkers in the East Abu Homid Muhammad al-Gazzali said the following words about an orator`s skill and style in his work: “We should be carefully, delivering a speech to people. There are many disasters and catastrophes in oratory. It is good when an orator follows himself his advices and instructions first” [3, 12]. Alisher Navai said a person coming into an orator`s meeting empty must leave full; a person coming into it fully must leave free. If an orator is an honest and truthful person and the people not 2

following his advices and instructions are considered sinners. If he advises or orders something to others, but he doesn`t follow himself his examples, his words affect nobody at all.

So, an orator-pedagogue`s speech must be short. It is important to keep listeners` attention till the end of his speech. If an orator-pedagogue`s speech is interesting, it doesn`t seem long, boring and uninteresting to an audience. So, an orator-pedagogue should give up insignificant and secondary information to prepare a short speech. A French scientist and philosopher B. Pascal said he had written such a long letter, because had no time to write a short one. Luster Burbank also said he had grown about million types of plants to choose the best and he had left the rest of them at once. An orator-pedagogue should make ready his speech in this spirit. Thus, an orator-pedagogue should miss ninety insignificant opinions among one hundred thought.

An orator-pedagogue while making a speech must possess the following several special skills: a) knowing to choose literatures; b) learning them (a text of speech will be got ready after literatures are learnt. Trusting in himself in an orator-pedagogue is bound up with preparing to his speech); c) planning (a wise person can`t build a house without a plan. An orator-pedagogue can`t also deliver his speech without one. The British sociologist Gerber Spenser`s following opinion is so important: “Desultory knowledge in person`s mind brings to intricateness” [1]. Theodor Roosevelt also said that labor, intellectual aptitude, a successive prepared plan and careful readiness had lain on the basis of his achievements. Thus, the speech prepared without a plan takes an oratorpedagogue to the direction of defeat. So, a careful prepared plan is considered half the battle); d) writing a text of speech; e) being confident before an audience; f) timing to the minute. An orator-pedagogue should use these skills harmonically, otherwise the process of delivering a speech won`t be effective.

Speaking technique of a voice Husain Kashifi said that thinness in a voice is sing of suspiciousness; pleasantness and gratefulness in a voice is sing of enterprise; arrogance and haughtiness in a voice is sing of foolishness and stupidity; speaking easy is sing of gentleness and kindness, glory and beauty; not swaying and not stirring hands during speech is sing of vigilance and alertness, gumption and acuteness. He divided listeners of speech on two categories: one of them is functionary and the second one is simple people. The scientist said that an orator should observe several recommendations of oration during his speech while he is making a speech before functionary and simple people. Husain Kashifi said functionary must follow the following specifications during his conversation: the firstly , say a word, looking at people`s condition; the secondly , tell without rudeness and ribaldry; the thirdly , smile a little when you are talking; the fourthly , don`t speak in a loud voice; the fifthly , tell people about useful and helpful things and the sixthly , tell nothing if your words don`t have any value, because wise men`s words like a seed. If a seed is empty, it won`t take its harvest though it sows in fertile and fecund land. The thinker also said simple men must know the following specifications: the firstly , don`t speak until you are asked; the secondly , don`t speak in a loud voice when you are telling someone; the thirdly , don`t look to the right and to the left when you are talking to somebody; the fourthly , don`t say any parabolic and allegoric words; the fifthly , don`t be vulgaran and savage, learn to listen to people; the sixthly , think until you tell about something not to regret; the seventhly , don`t interrupt your interlocutor (interlocutress) and the eighthly , don`t speak much, because it is sing of foolishness [2, 65].

Thus, a pedagogue should achieve all skills of oratory in the process of his pedagogical activity.

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