Organization of population migrations to new state farms of the Kalmyk ASSR in 1957-1991

The article analyzes the state migration policy in state farms established in 1957-1991 on the territory of the Kalmyk ASSR. The history of their origin, the goals and objectives of migration policy, the problems in providing them with labor and population, the organization of resettlement, and the results are considered. Geographical areas of active state farm construction are highlighted, stimulating measures to attract the population to settlements are shown. The creation of new state farm settlements was associated with the need to give a new impetus to the development of agriculture in Kalmykia, which was restored in 1957 as an administrative territorial entity. The state allocated a lot of funds for this, but there were not enough labor resources to master them. In order to provide new state farms with labor, the authorities organized internal and external resettlement in the republic. Migrations were voluntary, planned, regulated and stimulated by a number of measures. They had a positive significance for Kalmykia.They contributed, firstly, to the development of agriculture, secondly, to the development of desert territories and an increase in population, thirdly, to the creation of stationary settlements in areas unfavorable for human habitation, and fourthly, to an increase in the national diversity of the population and the intensification of integration processes between representatives of different peoples of the republic. In the conditions of the Soviet social system, the creation of state farms, providing them with everything necessary for existence, could take place only with the participation of the state. The social and industrial infrastructure of state farms was formed at the expense of state funds, and people were attracted to the settlement and permanently settled in the semidesert area by measures of material and social support.