Axial age-2: return to origins or dive to the darkness?

According to the authors, the historical essence of the «axial age» of Karl Jaspers is the transition from the ethnic evolution of its sociobiological nature to the emergence and evolution of the states with its non-ethnic nature and thus able to consolidate the large space and the diverse ethnic groups. The state, as more sophisticated, flexible and powerful type of social system in which ethnic identity is relegated to second place, won the Neolithic ethos, which for a long time gone into the background institutions of the new, politically constructed society. To explain the mechanism of ethno-cultural divergence, as a consequence of the crisis of civil nations in the context of globalization, the author introduces and justifies the hypothesis of stable (through a number of social and economic structures) parallelism of ethnos and nation, as overlapping but essentially different in origin, the mechanism of reproduction and functions social groups.