The main mechanisms of interaction between the state and civil society: theoretical and practical aspects

The study deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of interaction between civil society and the state. Their main interaction mechanisms are divided into direct and indirect. The emphasis is placed on the first group which includes the mandatory (referendum, recall of deputies) and optional types of public influence (polls, rallies, round-table discussions). Particular attention is paid to Swiss referendum system which is regularly implemented at the federal, cantonal, and municipal level. The research discusses the problems of the so-called e-democracy based on the introduction of modern information technology into political processes. The study emphasizes the potential of e-voting and the importance of online discussions on issues of public and social interest, such as environmental and urban ones. The authors underline the need for further development of direct democracy in view of the advancements in digital society.