Basic criteria of differential diagnostics of anemic state of animals

Anemia refers to a condition that is characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood and, in most cases, a decrease in the concentration of red blood cells. Differential diagnosis of anemic conditions is important, given the significant spread of anemia in various pathological conditions. In assessing the degree of anemia, one should proceed from generally accepted standards, taking into account age, gender, weight, location, diet, and other individual characteristics of the animal. Identifying the criteria for the differential diagnosis of anemic conditions is useful both in clarifying the diagnosis of the underlying disease and in prescribing differential therapy in each case. Hemolytic anemia, the main feature of which is the predominance of the process of blood destruction over the process of blood formation, is characterized by shortening of life expectancy and increased destruction of red blood cells, uncompensated by bone marrow activity. The aim of the work was to determine the main differential diagnostic criteria for hemolytic anemia in dogs. Hemolytic anemia was studied on 28 dogs of different breeds, age and sex, most of which were in the public service under the Ministry of Internal Affairs, civil defense and emergency situations in the Orel region and private owners. Clinical examination of animals was performed daily according to the standard technique. As a result of the research, the following main differential diagnostic criteria for hemolytic anemia of animals were identified: hyper reticulocytosis; changes in the morphology of erythrocytes (spherocytes, oval cells, target-like, with Heinz bodies); jaundice of hemolytic type; enlarged, painless spleen; the dynamics of the magnitude of the potential in the biologically active points of the meridian of the liver and spleen.