Особенности адаптации живых организмов

The article is a literature review devoted to the study of biochemical adaptations of animals and microorganisms to changing environmental conditions. The analysis of biochemical methods for the study of adaptation mechanisms at the level of the whole organism, individual organs, enzymatic systems is important for carrying out scientific searches in the field of biochemistry, environmental medicine and other branches. Biochemical methods for studying adaptation mechanisms at the level of the whole organism, individual organs, cellular organelles and enzymatic systems are important for carrying out scientific searches in the field of biochemistry, environmental medicine and other branches. These methods determine the qualitative and quantitative identity of metabolic functions, gas exchange processes, the constancy of the intracellular environment (necessary for the functional activity of the macromolecule), and the use of available energy sources. With their help, it is possible to determine the boundaries of adaptive abilities, the phase of the impact of a factor (adaptation, predathology, pathology) and, on the basis of this, draw conclusions about the degree of resistance and sensitivity of species. Aspects of biochemical adaptation indicate that they are the key to adaptive features of living organisms to the conditions of stress, which may be various environmental factors.