Features of anatomical structure of thyroid gland of the indigenous population of youthful age of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) according to data of the ultrasound study

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) belongs to the regions with significant iodine deficiency in nature and is characterized by a high prevalence of thyroid pathology among children and adults. Due to the fact that the diagnosis of thyroid pathology is associated primarily with ultrasound examination, the deepening of information about the regional features of the absolute and relative indices of the anatomical norm of the thyroid gland is a rather urgent scientific task. The aim of the study was to study the normal ultrasound anatomy of the thyroid gland in young men and women of indigenous nationality living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The authors carried out an ultrasound examination of 110 students (including 66 girls and 44 boys) of the indigenous nationality, aged 17 to 21 years. Sexual dimorphism of the thyroid gland volumes of the indigenous population of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) was established. The minimum, maximum and average values of the thyroid gland volume in boys are higher than in girls. The shape of the lobes of the thyroid gland in girls and boys of the indigenous population in most cases is close to a regular ellipsoid. The most common form of a regular ellipsoid is in 53.8% of cases in girls and 46,4% of cases in boys. The shape of an ellipsoid flattened in the frontal plane was visualized to a greater extent in boys (35,4%) and in 29,6% of girls, an ellipsoid flattened in the sagittal plane was determined to a lesser extent, in 3,8% and 4,1% cases, respectively. Thus, the quantitative characteristics of the thyroid gland obtained as a result of the study made it possible to reveal the features of the vital anatomy of this organ, variable in its anatomy, in the indigenous population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), depending of the sex. The obtained results have territorial referential significance.