Peculiarities of bone regenerate formation, structural changes in joint cartridge and tibial nerve in the conditions of 3-mm automatic distraction of the tibia with the Ilizarov method and application of achillotomy (experimental study)

Introduction Reduction of the period of limb lengthening with the Ilizarov method and preservation of limb functions in large elongations are the tasks to be solved by modern traumatology and orthopedics. The aim was to study the functional state of the limb, dynamics of the tibial regenerate formation, histostructural changes in the articular cartilage and the tibial nerve under the conditions of automatic high-frequency elongation of the tibia with the method of transosseous distraction osteosynthesis at a rate of 3 mm using a preliminary Z-shaped achillotomy. Material and methods The 24-hour high-fractional mode provided with automatic distractor was used to lengthen tibiae of 12 adult mongrel dogs with the method of transosseous distraction osteosynthesis. Distraction rate was 3.0 mm per day in 120 steps. To prevent formation of foot equinus, a Z-shaped achillotomy was performed. Methods of light microscopy, morphometry and X-ray electron probe microanalysis were used to study the distraction regeneration in the tibia, the articular cartilage of the medial condyle of the femur and the tibial nerve...