The field crop rotations formation features for organic farming in the Western Siberia forest-steppe conditions

The purpose of research is to identify the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of high-quality grain production by using crop rotations with different specific gravity of the fallow field and a set of crops in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Observations and studies were carried out under stationary conditions of the field experiment, laid on the experimental fields of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Omsk ANC". For a comparative analysis of the production of the products obtained in various types of field grain-fallow crop rotations, the calculation of the yield of grain per unit area of arable land was carried out. The following types of field grain-fallow crop rotations with different specific gravity of the fallow field and crops were analyzed: 3-field (black fallow - wheat - wheat); 4-field (steam black - winter rye - soybeans - wheat); 5-field (black steam - winter rye - soybeans - wheat - barley); 6-field (black steam - wheat - wheat - soybeans - oats - wheat). An analysis of the influence of a set of predecessors and rotation of field crop rotations on the efficiency of grain production is given. The most effective crop rotation in terms of economics and bioenergy is a 3-field grain fallow: clean fallow - wheat - wheat. Its productivity in terms of grain yield is slightly inferior to crop rotations, where, in addition to winter rye, there are spring grains and legumes. The role of black fallow as a technique that makes it possible to retain moisture in the soil, accumulate nutrients, clean the soil from weeds, pathogens and pests has been established. The advantage of grain-fallow crop rotations in increasing the productivity of arable land and the technological properties of grain crops in different farming systems is due to the optimization of the fertility elements of chernozem soils and the phytosanitary state of agrophytocenosis. Reducing the length of rotation of grain-fallow crop rotations from six to seven fields to three to four can significantly reduce the weediness of crops and abandon the use of pesticides. Through three- and four-field grain-fallow crop rotations, it is possible to obtain products without the use of mineral fertilizers, chemical plant protection products, especially against weeds, thereby improving the quality of crop rotation grain products, which will increase the area of arable land that ensures the production of organic farming products.