Features of echocardiographic indicators in young athletes depending on gender and sport discipline

Aim. The article deals with establishing the features of echocardiographic indicators in young athletes depending on gender and sport discipline. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the premises of Scientific and Research Center for Sports Science (South Ural State University, National Research University) and Infertility Treatment Center. All participants provided their informed consent. We examined 204 adolescent athletes from the national teams of the Chelyabinsk region: 110 male athletes and 94 female athletes aged 15.00 ± 1.62. All athletes have the first adult rank in various sport disciplines and the average experience of at least 3 years. Echocardiography was performed in two positions: lying on the left side and in supine position after a 5-minute rest. We used MINDREY DC-6 certified hardware-software equipment. The mathematical processing of data consists of interpreting descriptive statistics. Results. We revealed high values of the left atrium dimension in girls (36.36 %) and boys (48.89 %) with cyclic physical load. The same tendency was revealed for the girls, involved in combat sports (37.5 %). We also registered high values of the left atrium dimension at rest in the group of athletes with acyclic physical load regardless of their gender (94 % on the average). During contraction, the left atrium dimension is decreased in more than a half of girls with cyclic load and of boys with acyclic load and from combat sports; in 100 % of girls with acyclic load and in 81.25 % of girls from combat sports. Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to provide individual (stage) control over the morphofunctional state of the heart and vessels, to conduct preventive and correctional work in a risk group. This provides the base for the medical and biological supervision of trainings and competitions, which results in outstanding sports achievements.