Features of motivation of work voluntary and forced migrants in Russia

The article describes the results of the study of labor motivation of voluntary and forced labor migrants in Russia. Labor motivation is a system of internal and external motivational elements, under the influence of which the attitude to work and labor behavior is formed in the consciousness of a person. Labor migration refers to movements for the purpose of employment, including moving to a permanent place of residence, where the main motive is to seek employment. Labor migrants have to adapt to the new socio-economic and socio-psychological conditions of the surrounding reality, which places increased demands on the ability of the individual to adapt to the new conditions and affects the professional activities of migrants. Voluntary labor migrants have a high degree of adaptation to the new conditions of work, an average degree of communicative activity, and an adequate perception of their social role. The high degree of General dissatisfaction with the labor situation is expressed; the avoiding type of labor motivation directed on minimization of labor efforts prevails. Forced migrants have low emotional stability, adaptive abilities are reduced, a tendency to neuropsychiatric disorders is expressed, and there is a low level of behavioral regulation, an average degree of communicative activity, a high focus on compliance with generally accepted norms of behavior. The high degree of General dissatisfaction with the labor situation is expressed; the instrumental type of labor motivation focused on receiving high earnings dominates.