Peculiarities of national policies of ASEAN states in the sphere of representation of Islamic and Buddhist political and legal cultures

The article explores the complex interplay between national policies, human rights and religious practices in Southeast Asian countries, focusing on the representation of Islamic and Buddhist political and legal cultures. South-East Asia is characterized by a rich tapestry of cultures and religions, with significant implications for the legal frameworks governing minority rights. Consequently, the study highlights multiple contradictions between positive local legislation, religious practices and international human rights standards, particularly concerning the rights of vulnerable groups, such as women and children. In the Philippines, for instance, the allowance of polygamy and child marriages for Muslims under national law raises serious concerns about the protection of individual rights. On the other hand, the Sharia Law in the Muslim-majority states of ASEAN tends to overpower the rights to proselyte for the non-Islamic residents, while the Buddhist-majority countries experience the same issue in a mirrored way. Conversely, Singapore demonstrates a more progressive approach to safeguarding the interests of racial and religious minorities, yet still faces challenges in aligning its legal framework with international human rights conventions. The analysis underscores the urgent need for enhanced collaboration among government entities, civil society, and international organizations to establish a sustainable mechanism for human rights protection in the region. A comprehensive approach that considers both cultural traditions and international obligations is essential for achieving meaningful progress in addressing the pressing issues of inclusivity and justice in Southeast Asian states. By fostering dialogue and cooperation, the region can work towards a more equitable legal landscape that respects and upholds the rights of all its diverse populations.