Features of translation of expressive vocabulary in J.R.R. Tolkien’s novel “The lord of the rings” (based on Russian translations)

This article is devoted to the study of the features of translation of expressive vocabulary in J.R.R. Tolkien’s novel “The Lord of the Rings” into Russian. The article examines various types of expressive units, such as metaphors, idioms, epithets, curses and swear words, and analyzes translation strategies used to convey them. A comparative analysis of three versions of Russian translations is carried out to identify the most effective ways to preserve the emotional coloring and stylistic expressiveness of the original. The article also examines typical difficulties encountered by translators and provides recommendations for overcoming them.