Peculiarities of winter crops productional process depending on conditions of main soil processing and mineral nutrition

As a result of comprehensive studies conducted in the Tver region, on sod-medium sandy loam well cultivated soil peculiarities of yield formation of winter crops (wheat, rye, triticale) under the influence of different methods of main tillage and backgrounds of mineral nutrition are studied. Scheme of experiment included the following options: winter crops (factor A): wheat, rye, triticale; receiving main soil tillage (factor B): moldboard plowing to a depth of 21-22 cm, double disking to a depth of 1416 cm; background of mineral nutrition (factor C): without fertilizers, calculated doses of fertilizers on the 3.5 and 4.5 t of grain from 1 hectare. As a result of experiments it is established that the cultivation of winter triticale, the crops of which provide the maximum yield of grain, both on the background of effective fertility (2.31-2.56 t/ ha) and estimated doses of fertilizer (3.35-3.65 and 4.26-to 4.68 t/ha, respectively) is more preferable. More effective for winter wheat was the use of moldboard plowing, providing the formation of further 0.15 t of grain from 1 ha (9.0 percent), and for winter rye and triticale a double disking, increasing productivity by 0.25-0.31 t/ha (10.815.6%). The estimated doses of mineral fertilizers increased the yield in average by crop on the background of NPK by 3.5 t/ha -by 0.81- 1.13 t/ha (42.6-56.8%), on the background of NPK 4.5 t/ha 1.61- 2.12 t/ha (82.8-102.5%).