Peculiarities of the Development of Right-Wing Populism and Euroskepticism in Modern Spain

The rise of right-wing populist parties in the modern European Union can be observed, which have started to achieve significant electoral successes in recent years. In some of the European Union countries, right-wing populists and Euroskeptics have taken seats in national parliaments and even entered governments. Parties such as Alternative for Germany (FRG), the Northern League (Italy), and the National Movement (France) belong to this type. Spain has long been an exception to this trend. Nevertheless, in 2019, the young far-right party VOX (Voice) won 15.1% of the vote and 52 seats in the Congress of Deputies elections. At the moment, the far-right Vox party is the third party in Spain in terms of voter support, with representation in most autonomous community parliaments and the Congress of Deputies. However, as shown by early parliamentary elections in Spain in 2023, despite the fact that the interest of voters in Spain is shifting to the right of the political spectrum, in the absence of a clear electoral program with a set of concrete measures, the party Vox is becoming increasingly difficult to hold the public attention and achieve new electoral successes.